The Vermilion Watershed (HUC 05120109) covers a land area of 1,741 square miles in northeastern Minnesota. The area is characterized by a mixed forest cover, numerous lakes, and wetlands. The hydrology of the watershed is dominated by the Vermilion River, which flows into Lake Vermilion, a popular recreational destination. The watershed receives an average annual precipitation of 30 to 35 inches, with a significant portion falling as snow during the winter months. The snowpack in the watershed contributes to the spring runoff, which is a critical source of water for the region. Surface water quality in the watershed is generally good, with some areas experiencing elevated levels of nutrients and sediment. The reservoir constituents include fish species such as northern pike, walleye, and smallmouth bass. Interesting climatic facts and trends include an increase in average temperatures and a decline in snowpack over the past several decades, which could have significant impacts on the hydrology of the watershed.