Moscow Mills, located in Lincoln County, Missouri, experiences a humid subtropical climate. Summers are hot and humid, with average temperatures ranging from the mid-70s to mid-90s Fahrenheit. Winters are generally mild but can be cold, with average temperatures in the 30s and 40s. The area receives around 42 inches of rainfall annually, with the highest precipitation occurring during spring and summer.

As for hydrology constituents, Moscow Mills is situated near the Cuivre River, which runs through the western part of the city. The river provides opportunities for fishing, boating, and other water-based activities. The area is also rich in creeks, ponds, and small lakes, inviting locals and visitors to enjoy various water-related pursuits.

Moscow Mills offers plenty of outdoor recreation opportunities, with several parks and nature areas nearby. Cuivre River State Park, located just east of the city, features over 6,400 acres of forests, fields, and waterways, providing opportunities for hiking, camping, fishing, and horseback riding. The park also offers picnic areas, playgrounds, and swimming beaches. Additionally, nearby Lincoln County Conservation Areas offer additional hiking, fishing, and wildlife viewing opportunities.