The Upper Gila Watershed, located in southwestern New Mexico and southeastern Arizona, covers approximately 12,000 square miles. The region is characterized by a semi-arid climate, with summer monsoons and relatively low annual precipitation. The watershed is primarily fed by snowmelt and monsoonal rainfall, with the majority of surface water flow occurring in the Gila River and its tributaries. The area is also home to several reservoirs, including the largest, the San Carlos Reservoir. The watershed is subject to periodic droughts and climate variability, with recent years experiencing long-term drought conditions. Additionally, the region is known for its unique geology and biodiversity, including the Gila Wilderness, the first designated wilderness area in the United States.