Wildlife And Fish Refuge Upper Mississippi River National

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Last Updated: December 5, 2025

The Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge, located in the state of Missouri, offers a diverse range of attractions that make it a desirable destination for nature enthusiasts and wildlife lovers.


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Summary

Spanning over 261 miles along the Upper Mississippi River, it is the most visited refuge in the United States.

There are several compelling reasons to visit this refuge. Firstly, it provides a unique opportunity to witness and experience the natural beauty of the Mississippi River and its surrounding habitats. The refuge boasts a rich diversity of flora and fauna, including over 300 species of birds, 119 species of fish, and numerous mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. It is an ideal location for birdwatching, fishing, boating, and hiking.

While exploring the refuge, visitors can discover many points of interest. One notable attraction is the Great River Road, a scenic byway that runs through the refuge, offering breathtaking views of the river and its surrounding landscapes. The refuge also features several well-maintained hiking trails, such as the Mertens Pond Trail, where visitors can observe a variety of wildlife up close.

Interesting facts about the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge include its crucial role in preserving and protecting the river's ecosystem. The refuge was established in 1924 and spans across four states, including Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, and Missouri. It encompasses over 240,000 acres of land and water, providing vital habitat for migratory birds, endangered species, and native wildlife.

The best time of year to visit the refuge largely depends on personal interests. Spring and fall are popular seasons for birdwatching, as millions of migratory birds pass through the area. During these times, visitors can witness the spectacle of bird migrations and observe a wide variety of species. The summer months offer opportunities for boating, fishing, and enjoying the diverse recreational activities available on the river. In winter, the refuge provides excellent opportunities for ice fishing and wildlife photography.

To ensure accuracy, it is advisable to verify the information provided by cross-referencing multiple independent sources. Official websites, local tourism websites, and reputable wildlife and nature organizations can provide detailed and accurate information about the Upper Mississippi River National Wildlife and Fish Refuge in Missouri.

       

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Park & Land Designation Reference

National Park
Large protected natural areas managed by the federal government to preserve significant landscapes, ecosystems, and cultural resources; recreation is allowed but conservation is the priority.
State Park
Public natural or recreational areas managed by a state government, typically smaller than national parks and focused on regional natural features, recreation, and education.
Local Park
Community-level parks managed by cities or counties, emphasizing recreation, playgrounds, sports, and green space close to populated areas.
Wilderness Area
The highest level of land protection in the U.S.; designated areas where nature is left essentially untouched, with no roads, structures, or motorized access permitted.
National Recreation Area
Areas set aside primarily for outdoor recreation (boating, hiking, fishing), often around reservoirs, rivers, or scenic landscapes; may allow more development.
National Conservation Area (BLM)
BLM-managed areas with special ecological, cultural, or scientific value; more protection than typical BLM land but less strict than Wilderness Areas.
State Forest
State-managed forests focused on habitat, watershed, recreation, and sustainable timber harvest.
National Forest
Federally managed lands focused on multiple use—recreation, wildlife habitat, watershed protection, and resource extraction (like timber)—unlike the stricter protections of national parks.
Wilderness
A protected area set aside to conserve specific resources—such as wildlife, habitats, or scientific features—with regulations varying widely depending on the managing agency and purpose.
Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Land
Vast federal lands managed for mixed use—recreation, grazing, mining, conservation—with fewer restrictions than national parks or forests.
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