Total streamflow across the Sangamon River was last observed at 2,745 cfs, and is expected to yield approximately 5,445 acre-ft of water today; about 50% of normal. River levels are low and may signify a drought. Average streamflow for this time of year is 5,481 cfs, with recent peaks last observed on 2016-01-01 when daily discharge volume was observed at 192,837 cfs.

Maximum discharge along the river is currently at the Sangamon River Near Oakford reporting a streamflow rate of 1,240 cfs. However, the streamgauge with the highest stage along the river is the Sangamon River At Petersburg with a gauge stage of 5.56 ft. This river is monitored from 6 different streamgauging stations along the Sangamon River, the highest being situated at an altitude of 693 ft, the Sangamon River At Fisher.

The Sangamon River is a 246-mile-long tributary of the Illinois River. The river has a rich history, having been used by Native Americans for hunting and fishing. The river was also an important transportation route in the 19th century, with steamboats and barges carrying goods up and down the river.

The river's hydrology is influenced by several reservoirs and dams, including the Sangchris Lake Dam and the Lake Decatur Dam. These structures help regulate the river's flow and provide water for municipal and agricultural use.

Recreational activities on the Sangamon River include fishing, boating, and swimming. The river is also popular for hiking and camping, with several state parks located along its banks.

Agricultural use of the Sangamon River is significant, with farmers using the river's water for irrigation and livestock watering. However, agricultural runoff can also pose a threat to the river's water quality, leading to issues such as nutrient pollution and algal blooms.