New York's snowpack conditions vary across its diverse mountain ranges, which include the Adirondacks, Catskills, and the Taconic Range. These mountainous areas contribute significantly to the state's snowfall and subsequent runoff into rivers and watersheds. The Adirondacks, for instance, receive heavy snowfall due to their elevation and proximity to the Great Lakes, resulting in substantial snowpack and a steady flow of runoff into the Hudson River Basin. The Catskills, on the other hand, experience lower snowfall but still provide considerable runoff into the Delaware and Susquehanna River Basins.

Winter climate characteristics in New York range from cold and snowy in the mountains to milder in the lower elevations. Lake-effect snow is a unique phenomenon experienced in areas near the Great Lakes, particularly in western and central New York.

Snow science and history in New York are rich subjects. The state has a long history of skiing, with resorts such as Whiteface Mountain hosting the Winter Olympics in 1980. Snow science plays a crucial role in understanding and managing water resources, as accurate snowpack measurements help predict runoff flow and manage reservoirs for hydropower and water supply purposes.