The summers are hot and dry, with temperatures averaging in the 80s°F, while the winters are cold, with temperatures averaging in the 20s°F. The Belle Fourche River runs through the city and has been historically impacted by mining activities, leading to elevated levels of heavy metals like lead and arsenic in the water. Despite this, the river still offers recreational opportunities like fishing and kayaking. Belle Fourche also boasts a variety of outdoor activities, including hiking, camping, and hunting in nearby national forests and wildlife reserves. The city is home to the Black Hills Roundup, a five-day annual rodeo event that draws thousands of visitors each year.
Belle-Fourche receives approximately 464mm of rain per year, with humidity levels near 81% and air temperatures averaging around 8°C. Belle-Fourche has a plant hardyness factor of 4, meaning plants and agriculture in this region thrive during a short period during spring and early summer. Most plants will die off during the colder winter months.