Located in St. Francois County, Leadwood, Missouri experiences a humid continental climate. Summers are warm and humid, with average temperatures ranging from the mid-70s to the mid-90s Fahrenheit. Winters are cold, with temperatures ranging from the mid-20s to the mid-40s Fahrenheit. Precipitation is evenly spread throughout the year, with an average of 45 inches annually.

The hydrology in Leadwood includes several natural water bodies, such as Big River, which flows through the town. This river provides opportunities for fishing, boating, and kayaking. Additionally, there are numerous smaller streams and creeks that add to the area's natural beauty and hydrological diversity.

Outdoor recreation opportunities in Leadwood are plentiful. The region is surrounded by lush forests, offering hiking and camping opportunities in scenic settings. Leadwood is also home to several parks and recreational areas, providing opportunities for picnicking, sports, and nature observation. The town's proximity to Johnson's Shut-Ins State Park and St. Francois State Park further expands outdoor recreation options, with opportunities for swimming, fishing, hiking, and more.