Sheffield, Iowa is a small town located in Franklin County, in the north-central part of the state. The area experiences a humid continental climate, characterized by warm summers and cold winters. Average high temperatures range from around 30°F (-1°C) in winter to 85°F (29°C) in summer, with precipitation fairly evenly distributed throughout the year.

The hydrology constituents in Sheffield are primarily influenced by the nearby West Fork Iowa River, which provides a source of water for the town. The river also offers recreational opportunities such as fishing and boating. Outdoor enthusiasts can also explore the Sheffield Wildlife Area, a 1,500-acre public hunting and wildlife viewing area located just north of the town. This area is home to various wildlife species, including deer, pheasants, ducks, and geese, making it popular among hunters and birdwatchers.

In addition, Sheffield is surrounded by picturesque farmlands and rural landscapes, providing ample opportunities for activities like hiking, biking, and camping. The town's location in the heart of Iowa also makes it a great base for exploring nearby natural attractions, including state parks and forests, offering a variety of outdoor adventures for visitors and residents to enjoy.