Carrollton, Missouri experiences a humid subtropical climate with hot summers and cold winters. The town is situated near the Wakenda Creek, which is a tributary of the Missouri River. The hydrology constituents in the area include both surface and groundwaters, with the primary source of drinking water coming from wells. Outdoor recreation opportunities in Carrollton include the Carrollton City Park, which offers picnic areas, playgrounds, and a swimming pool. Additionally, the Wakenda Creek Conservation Area provides opportunities for fishing, hunting, and hiking. The town also has several organized sports leagues and a golf course.