Cowanesque Dam, also known as Cowanesque Lake, is a rockfill dam located on the Cowanesque River in Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania. Completed in 1980 by the US Army Corps of Engineers, the primary purpose of the dam is flood risk reduction, with additional benefits for recreation and water supply. Standing at a height of 151 feet and a length of 3100 feet, the dam has a storage capacity of 84,747 acre-feet and a surface area of 1050 acres.

While Cowanesque Dam helps reduce the risk of flooding to downstream communities, there are still potential hazards that could lead to significant flooding events. The dam has a high hazard potential, with scenarios including high-volume releases from the spillway during storms and rare breaches that could result in uncontrolled surges of water. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers actively manages and monitors the dam to mitigate risks, conducting regular inspections, updating emergency action plans, and collaborating with local authorities for emergency response exercises.

In the event of a breach or high water event, downstream communities such as Lawrenceville, Tioga, Corning, and Elmira could be impacted by swift and deep floodwaters. It is crucial for residents in these areas to stay informed about the dam's condition and follow emergency protocols. Despite the risks, the proactive risk management measures implemented by the USACE aim to ensure the safety and integrity of Cowanesque Dam and protect surrounding communities from potential flooding disasters.