Due to the generally flat topography of North Dakota, there are no significant mountain ranges that contribute directly to the state's snowpack. Instead, snow accumulation primarily occurs across the extensive prairie and flatlands. The Red River Valley, located in the eastern part of the state, often experiences the heaviest snowfall due to its proximity to the moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. This snowpack contributes to the Red River's spring runoff, which can occasionally cause flooding.

Winter climate characteristics in North Dakota include cold temperatures, frequent strong winds, and occasional blizzards. The state's average snowfall ranges from around 30 to 50 inches annually, with some areas receiving higher amounts. Historically, severe winters and snowstorms have impacted North Dakota, such as the infamous "Blizzard of 1966," which paralyzed the state.

While North Dakota may not have notable mountain ranges, its snowy landscape offers opportunities for snow science research, including studies on snow hydrology and snowpack dynamics. Researchers often focus on understanding the impact of snowmelt on watersheds, particularly for the Missouri River Basin, which is a major water source for the state.

In summary, North Dakota's snowpack is primarily influenced by its flat topography, with the Red River Valley experiencing the highest snowfall. The state's winter climate is characterized by cold temperatures and occasional blizzards. Research in snow science focuses on snow hydrology and snowpack dynamics, particularly in relation to runoff and watersheds.