Illinois has a wide variety of angling destinations throughout the state, including Lake Michigan, the Illinois River, and numerous other lakes and rivers. Popular species of fish include largemouth and smallmouth bass, walleye, northern pike, crappie, and catfish.

The best time to fish in Illinois depends on the species and location, but generally early spring and fall are good times to target bass and walleye, while summer can be good for catfish and panfish. Average seasonal temperatures range from 30°F in winter to 80°F in summer.

Recommended bait and lures vary depending on the species, but live bait such as worms and minnows, as well as artificial lures like spinnerbaits and crankbaits, can be effective.

Interesting fishing facts about Illinois include that the state is home to the world-record smallmouth bass, caught in the Kaskaskia River in 1955 weighing in at 7 pounds 14 ounces. Additionally, Illinois has a unique program called the "Bait Fish Fund" which collects a tax on live bait sales to help fund fisheries management and research efforts.