Virginia has a humid subtropical climate characterized by hot summers and mild winters. The state's major surface flows include the James, Potomac, and Rappahannock rivers, which are key sources of water for cities and industries. Virginia also has several major reservoirs and dams, including the Smith Mountain Lake and the John H. Kerr Reservoir. The state's hydrology is influenced by a variety of factors, including snowpack levels, precipitation patterns, and groundwater resources. In recent years, Virginia has experienced more frequent and severe flooding events due to increased precipitation and storm activity. Efforts are underway to improve water management and conservation practices throughout the state in response to these challenges.