Snowpack conditions in Oklahoma vary across the state, with the eastern mountain ranges being the primary source of snow. The Ouachita Mountains and the Kiamichi Mountains receive the most snowfall, followed by the Ozark Plateau and the Arbuckle Mountains. These mountain ranges contribute to the snowmelt runoff into the corresponding rivers and watersheds, such as the Little River, the Cimarron River, and the Arkansas River.

Winter climate characteristics in Oklahoma include frequent temperature fluctuations and occasional winter storms, which can enhance snowpack. However, the snowfall amounts are relatively low compared to more northern states. The state's history with snow science is limited, as snowfall is generally sparse. Nevertheless, scientists and researchers in Oklahoma have studied snowmelt and its impact on water resources and ecosystems.