Massachusetts has a humid continental climate with warm summers and cold winters. Major surface flows include the Connecticut, Merrimack, and Charles Rivers, which all have numerous tributaries. The state has several large reservoirs and dams, including the Quabbin Reservoir and the Wachusett Reservoir. The hydrology of Massachusetts is influenced by its varied topography and abundant precipitation, which is evenly distributed throughout the year. Snowpack accumulation in the mountainous areas can impact river flows during the spring snowmelt. In recent years, Massachusetts has experienced more frequent and intense precipitation events, leading to increased flooding and erosion. The state has implemented various measures to manage its water resources, including water conservation programs and the construction of stormwater management systems.

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